Free Engineering Simulation Tutorial - Opensource Software & Simulation Guides

Every metre of wire quietly steals a little voltage. As current pushes through a conductor's resistance, some voltage is lost as heat before it ever reaches the load — that's voltage drop . Too much of it and lights dim, motors overheat, and sensitive electronics misbehave. This free Voltage Drop Calculator tells you exactly how much voltage you'll lose for a given current, wire size, length and material — for single-phase, three-phase or DC — and checks it against the NEC 3% and 5% recommendations so you know whether to upsize your conductor. Table of Contents The Voltage Drop Calculator What Is Voltage Drop? The Voltage Drop Formula NEC 3% & 5% Limits Single-Phase vs Three-Phase Copper vs Aluminium How to Reduce Voltage Drop Worked Examples Common Mistakes FAQ The Voltage Drop Calculator Choose imperial (AWG) or metric (mm²), enter the circuit details, and get the voltage drop in volts and pe...

If you learn only one equation in electronics, make it this one: V = I × R . Ohm's Law ties together the three fundamentals of every electrical circuit — voltage, current and resistance — and, with the power equation, lets you find any one of them (plus power in watts ) from the others. This free online Ohm's Law Calculator does it instantly: enter any two of voltage, current, resistance or power, and it computes the remaining two, with the formulas and worked examples to back it up. Table of Contents The Ohm's Law Calculator What Is Ohm's Law? The Formulas & Triangle Power & the Ohm's Law Wheel Units & Prefixes Worked Examples DC vs AC (Impedance) Common Mistakes FAQ The Ohm's Law Calculator Enter any two of the four values below and press Calculate — the tool fills in the other two using V = I·R and the power equations. Use the unit selectors for mV, mA, kΩ, etc. ⚡ Ohm...

Tightening a bolt isn't really about torque — it's about the invisible tension you create inside it. That tension, the preload or clamp force, is what actually holds a joint together, resists vibration and prevents fatigue failure. Torque is just the means to get there, linked to preload by one deceptively simple equation: T = K · D · F . This free Bolt Torque & Preload Calculator turns a target clamp load into the tightening torque you need — for any metric bolt grade, diameter and lubrication — and checks the bolt stress against its proof and yield strength. Figure 1 Bolt Torque and Preload Calculator Table of Contents The Bolt Torque Calculator The T = K D F Equation Preload & Clamp Force The Nut Factor (K) Why Lubrication Matters Bolt Grades & Stress Area Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ The Bolt Torque & Preload Calculator Pick a metric bolt size and grade, choose a target preload (% o...

A glowing furnace, the warmth of the sun, a red-hot element — all reach you through thermal radiation, no contact or air required. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation needs no medium and grows explosively with temperature: it scales with the fourth power of absolute temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law captures this, and this free Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation Calculator computes the radiative heat transfer from a surface to its surroundings (or between two surfaces), plus blackbody emissive power, from temperature, emissivity and area. Figure 1 Stefan-Boltzmann Eq Calculator Table of Contents The Radiation Calculator The Stefan-Boltzmann Law Emissivity Explained The Fourth-Power Effect Surface-to-Surface Exchange Radiation vs Convection Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ The Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation Calculator Choose the case, enter temperatures (°C), emissivity and area, and get the net radiative heat...