Free Engineering Simulation Tutorial - Opensource Software & Simulation Guides

Tightening a bolt isn't really about torque — it's about the invisible tension you create inside it. That tension, the preload or clamp force, is what actually holds a joint together, resists vibration and prevents fatigue failure. Torque is just the means to get there, linked to preload by one deceptively simple equation: T = K · D · F . This free Bolt Torque & Preload Calculator turns a target clamp load into the tightening torque you need — for any metric bolt grade, diameter and lubrication — and checks the bolt stress against its proof and yield strength. Figure 1 Bolt Torque and Preload Calculator Table of Contents The Bolt Torque Calculator The T = K D F Equation Preload & Clamp Force The Nut Factor (K) Why Lubrication Matters Bolt Grades & Stress Area Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ The Bolt Torque & Preload Calculator Pick a metric bolt size and grade, choose a target preload (% o...

Speed a fluid up and its pressure falls; slow it down and its pressure rises. That simple, almost counter-intuitive trade-off is the heart of the Bernoulli equation — the single most useful relationship in fluid mechanics. It links pressure, velocity and elevation between any two points along a streamline, and it explains everything from how a venturi meter works to why an aircraft wing lifts. This free Bernoulli Equation Calculator solves for the unknown pressure, velocity or height between two points, with an optional head-loss term for real, frictional flow. Table of Contents The Bernoulli Calculator The Bernoulli Equation Understanding Head Assumptions & Limits Adding Head Loss Real-World Uses Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ The Bernoulli Equation Calculator Enter the known values at point 1 and point 2, choose what to solve for, and add head loss if the flow has friction. Consistent SI units (Pa, m/s, m)...

Water Hammer Calculator - Joukowsky Surge Pressure (Free) Free Engineering Calculator · Water Hammer · Surge Pressure · Joukowsky Equation · Pipe Flow Need to estimate water hammer or surge pressure in a pipeline? This free Water Hammer Calculator uses the Joukowsky equation to estimate the pressure rise caused by a rapid change in liquid velocity. Enter fluid density, pressure-wave speed and velocity change to calculate surge pressure, hydraulic head rise and estimated final pressure. Water hammer can occur when a flowing liquid is accelerated or decelerated rapidly. A fast valve closure, pump trip, check-valve action, emergency shutdown or sudden change in flow can generate a pressure wave that travels through the pipe. In a long pipeline, that transient event can produce a pressure rise far above normal operating pressure. Figure 1 Water hammer or Surge Pressure Calculator FREE WATER HAMMER TOOL Estimate Joukowsky Surge Pressure in Seconds Use the calculator for a fir...

Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator - Barlow's Formula (Free) Free Engineering Calculator · Pipe Sizing · Hoop Stress · Pressure Design · Barlow's Formula Need to estimate the required pipe wall thickness from internal pressure? This free Pipe Wall Thickness Calculator uses the basic Barlow's formula relationship to estimate pressure-induced hoop stress and the minimum theoretical wall thickness for a pressurized pipe. Enter the internal pressure, outside diameter, allowable stress and weld or joint efficiency to obtain a preliminary design value. Pipe wall thickness is one of the first checks in pressure piping because internal pressure creates circumferential, or hoop, stress in the pipe wall. If the wall is too thin for the design pressure and material strength, the pipe may not have an adequate pressure margin. Barlow's formula gives engineers a compact way to connect pressure, pipe diameter, allowable stress and wall thickness. Figure 1 Pipe Wall Calcula...