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U-value & R-value Calculator - Multi-Layer Wall Heat Transfer (ISO 6946, Free)

Every wall, roof and floor in a building is a stack of materials fighting to hold heat in — and one number sums up how well they do it: the U-value. Architects, HVAC engineers and energy assessors live by it, because it sets heat loss, heating-system size, and whether a design passes building regulations. But you can't just add U-values — you have to work in R-values (thermal resistance) , layer by layer, then invert. This free U-value & R-value Calculator does exactly that: build up your wall from inside to outside, add the surface resistances, and get the total R-value and U-value instantly — the proper ISO 6946 way. Figure 1 U Value and R Value Calculator Table of Contents The U-value / R-value Calculator U-value vs R-value The ISO 6946 Method Surface Resistances (Rsi & Rse) Thermal Conductivity (Lambda) R-value vs RSI (Imperial vs Metric) What's a Good U-value? Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ ...

Orifice & Venturi Flow Meter Calculator - Flow Rate from Differential Pressure (ISO 5167)

A pressure gauge reads a few kPa across a plate in your pipe — and from that single number you can know exactly how much fluid is flowing. That's the elegant principle behind orifice plates and venturi meters , the two most common differential-pressure flow meters in industry. Squeeze the flow through a constriction, measure the pressure drop, and Bernoulli's principle gives you the flow rate. This free Orifice & Venturi Flow Meter Calculator applies the ISO 5167 equations to turn your differential-pressure reading into volumetric and mass flow — or reverse-solve the bore size you need — for both liquids and gases. Figure 1 Orifice Venturi meter Table of Contents The Flow Meter Calculator How DP Flow Meters Work The ISO 5167 Flow Equation Beta Ratio & Velocity of Approach The Discharge Coefficient Orifice vs Venturi Liquids vs Gases (Expansibility) Worked Example Common Mistakes FAQ The Flow Mete...

Best Open-Source CFD Software: OpenFOAM in 2026 (Features, Workflow & Best Tools)

Open-Source CFD · 2026 Guide OpenFOAM in 2026: The Best Open-Source CFD Software Free, unlimited-core, and industrial-grade — here's everything OpenFOAM can do, how to actually use it on real projects, the tools that make it easy, and why it reshaped the entire CFD industry. For decades, high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was locked behind five- and six-figure commercial licenses. Then came OpenFOAM — free, open-source, and powerful enough for Formula 1 aerodynamics, aerospace, and exascale research. In 2026, it isn't just a budget alternative; it's the engine behind AI-driven "simulation factories" and the most widely used CFD toolbox on Earth. This guide covers its features, a real project workflow, the supporting software that removes its learning curve, and why it changed everything. 2004 Open-sourced ∞ Cores (no license cap) 200+ Solvers & utilities v2606 Latest (Jun 2026) Figure 1 Open Foam in 2026 ...